Who Is the Present Speaker of the House of Representatives

Presiding officer of the United states Business firm of Representatives

Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
Seal of the speaker
Flag of the speaker
Incumbent Nancy Pelosi since January 3, 2019
Usa House of Representatives
Style	Madam Speaker (breezy) The Honorable (formal)
Status	Presiding officeholder
Seat	Usa Capitol, Washington, D.C.
Nominator	Major parties (normally)
Appointer	Firm of Representatives
Term length	At the House's pleasure; elected at the beginning of the new Congress past a bulk of the representatives-elect, and upon a vacancy during a Congress.[1]
Constituting musical instrument	U.s.a. Constitution
Formation	March 4, 1789; 232 years ago  (1789-03-04)
First holder	Frederick Muhlenberg April one, 1789
Succession	2nd (3 U.s.C. § 19)[two]
Deputy	Banana Speaker of the House of Representatives (Autonomous Party usage only)
Salary	$223,500 annually[3]
Website	speaker.gov

The speaker of the U.s. House of Representatives, commonly known equally the speaker of the House, is the presiding officer of the U.s.a. Business firm of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Commodity I, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution. The speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the House of Representatives and is simultaneously the Business firm's presiding officer, de facto leader of the body'southward majority party, and the institution's authoritative head. Speakers likewise perform various other authoritative and procedural functions. Given these several roles and responsibilities, the speaker commonly does not personally preside over debates. That duty is instead delegated to members of the House from the majority party. Neither does the speaker regularly participate in floor debates.

The Constitution does not crave the speaker to be an incumbent fellow member of the Business firm of Representatives, although every speaker thus far has been.^[4] The speaker is 2nd in the U.s. presidential line of succession, after the vice president and ahead of the president pro tempore of the Senate.^[2]

The current House speaker is Democrat Nancy Pelosi of California. She was elected to a quaternary (second consecutive) term as speaker on Jan 3, 2021, the commencement day of the 117th Congress. She has led the Autonomous Party in the House since 2003, and is the first woman to serve equally speaker.^[5]

Selection [edit]

The Business firm elects its speaker at the get-go of a new Congress (i.e. biennially, after a general election) or when a speaker dies, resigns or is removed from the position intra-term. Since 1839, the Business firm has elected speakers by roll call vote.^[6] Traditionally, each party'due south caucus or conference selects a candidate for the speakership from among its senior leaders prior to the roll call. Representatives are not restricted to voting for the candidate nominated past their party, but generally do, as the outcome of the election effectively determines which political party has the majority and consequently will organize the Business firm.^[seven] As the Constitution does not explicitly state that the speaker must exist an incumbent member of the House, it is permissible for representatives to vote for someone who is not a member of the House at the time, and non-members have received a few votes in various speaker elections over the by several years.^[8] Every person elected speaker, however, has been a fellow member.^[vii]

Representatives who choose to vote for someone other than their party's nominated candidate commonly vote for someone else in their party or vote "present". Anyone who votes for the other party's candidate would face serious consequences, every bit was the instance when Democrat Jim Traficant voted for Republican Dennis Hastert in 2001 (107th Congress). In response, the Democrats stripped him of his seniority and he lost all of his committee posts.^[9]

To be elected speaker, a candidate must receive a bulk of the votes cast. If no candidate wins a majority, the gyre call is repeated until a speaker is elected.^[vii] Multiple roll calls have been necessary only 14 times (out of 126 speakership elections) since 1789; and non since 1923 (68th Congress), when a closely divided House needed ix ballots to elect Frederick H. Gillett speaker.^[i] Upon winning election the new speaker is immediately sworn in by the dean of the United states of america House of Representatives, the chamber's longest-serving member.^{[x] [11]}

History [edit]

Henry Clay (1811–1814, 1815–1820, 1823–1825) used his influence as speaker to ensure the passage of measures he favored

The starting time speaker of the House, Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania, was elected to office on Apr i, 1789, the day the House organized itself at the first of the 1st Congress. He served 2 non-consecutive terms in the speaker's chair, 1789–1791 (1st Congress) and 1793–1795 (3rd Congress).^[12]

As the Constitution does not country the duties of the speaker, the speaker's office has largely been shaped by traditions and customs that evolved over fourth dimension. Scholars are divided as to whether early speakers played largely ceremonial and impartial roles or whether they were more than active partisan actors.^[xiii]

From early in its existence, the speaker's main part had been to keep order and enforce rules. The speakership was transformed into a position with ability over the legislative process nether Henry Clay (1811–1814, 1815–1820, and 1823–1825).^{[xiv] [15]} In contrast to many of his predecessors, Clay participated in several debates and used his influence to procure the passage of measures he supported—for instance, the announcement of the State of war of 1812, and various laws relating to Clay's "American System" economic plan. Furthermore, when no candidate received an Electoral Higher majority in the 1824 presidential election, causing the president to be elected past the House, Speaker Clay threw his support to John Quincy Adams instead of Andrew Jackson, thereby ensuring Adams' victory. Following Clay's retirement in 1825, the power of the speakership once more began to decline, despite speakership elections condign increasingly biting. Equally the Civil War approached, several sectional factions nominated their ain candidates, frequently making it difficult for any candidate to achieve a bulk. In 1855 and again in 1859, for case, the contest for speaker lasted for ii months earlier the House achieved a effect. Speakers tended to accept very short tenures during this catamenia. For example, from 1839 to 1863 there were 11 speakers, only ane of whom served for more than one term. To date, James Yard. Polk is the only speaker of the House who was later on elected president of the United States.

Towards the end of the 19th century, the office of speaker began to develop into a very powerful i. At the time, one of the nigh important sources of the speaker'due south power was his position every bit Chairman of the Committee on Rules, which, after the reorganization of the committee organisation in 1880, became one of the about powerful continuing committees of the Firm. Furthermore, several speakers became leading figures in their political parties; examples include Democrats Samuel J. Randall, John Griffin Carlisle, and Charles F. Crisp, and Republicans James G. Blaine, Thomas Brackett Reed, and Joseph Gurney Cannon.

The ability of the speaker was greatly augmented during the tenure of the Republican Thomas Brackett Reed (1889–1891, 1895–1899). "Czar Reed", equally he was called by his opponents,^[16] sought to terminate the obstruction of bills past the minority, in particular past countering the tactic known every bit the "disappearing quorum".^[17] By refusing to vote on a motion, the minority could ensure that a quorum would not exist achieved and that the effect would be invalid. Reed, notwithstanding, alleged that members who were in the chamber but refused to vote would all the same count for the purposes of determining a quorum. Through these and other rulings, Reed ensured that the Democrats could not block the Republican agenda.

The speakership reached its apogee during the term of Republican Joseph Gurney Cannon (1903–1911). Cannon exercised extraordinary control over the legislative procedure. He determined the calendar of the House, appointed the members of all committees, chose committee chairmen, headed the Rules Commission, and adamant which committee heard each bill. He vigorously used his powers to ensure that Republican proposals were passed past the House. In 1910, however, Democrats and several dissatisfied Republicans joined together to strip Cannon of many of his powers, including the ability to name committee members and his chairmanship of the Rules Commission.^[eighteen] Fifteen years later, Speaker Nicholas Longworth restored much, but not all, of the lost influence of the position.

Sam Rayburn (1940–1947; 1949–1953; and 1955–1961) was the longest serving speaker

One of the near influential speakers in history was Democrat Sam Rayburn.^[19] Rayburn had the most cumulative time as speaker in history, holding role from 1940 to 1947, 1949 to 1953, and 1955 to 1961. He helped shape many bills, working quietly in the background with House committees. He also helped ensure the passage of several domestic measures and foreign assistance programs advocated by Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry Truman.

Rayburn's successor, Democrat John Due west. McCormack (served 1962–1971), was a somewhat less influential speaker, particularly considering of dissent from younger members of the Democratic Party. During the mid-1970s, the power of the speakership in one case again grew under Democrat Carl Albert. The Committee on Rules ceased to be a semi-contained panel, as it had been since 1910. Instead, it one time once again became an arm of the political party leadership. Moreover, in 1975, the speaker was granted the potency to appoint a bulk of the members of the Rules Committee. Meanwhile, the power of committee chairmen was concise, farther increasing the relative influence of the speaker.

Albert's successor, Democrat Tip O'Neill, was a prominent speaker considering of his public opposition to the policies of President Ronald Reagan. O'Neill is the longest continually serving speaker, from 1977 through 1987. He challenged Reagan on domestic programs and on defence expenditures. Republicans made O'Neill the target of their election campaigns in 1980 and 1982 just Democrats managed to retain their majorities in both years.

The roles of the parties reversed in 1994 when, subsequently spending forty years in the minority, the Republicans regained command of the House with the "Contract with America", an idea spearheaded by Minority Whip Newt Gingrich. Speaker Gingrich would regularly clash with Democratic President Nib Clinton, leading to the United States federal regime shutdown of 1995 and 1996, in which Clinton was largely seen to take prevailed. Gingrich'due south hold on the leadership was weakened significantly by that and several other controversies, and he faced a caucus revolt in 1997. Later the Republicans lost House seats in 1998 (although retaining a majority) he did not stand for a third term every bit speaker. His successor, Dennis Hastert, had been called as a compromise candidate since the other Republicans in the leadership were more controversial. Hastert played a much less prominent office than other contemporary speakers, existence overshadowed by House Majority Leader Tom Filibuster and President George W. Bush. The Republicans came out of the 2000 elections with a further reduced bulk simply fabricated small gains in 2002 and 2004. The periods of 2001–2002 and 2003–2007 were the first times since 1953–1955 that there was single-party Republican leadership in Washington, interrupted from 2001 to 2003 as Senator Jim Jeffords of Vermont left the Republican Party to become independent and caucused with Senate Democrats to give them a 51–49 bulk.

In the 2006 midterm elections, the Democrats won a majority in the House. Nancy Pelosi became speaker when the 110th Congress convened on January 4, 2007, making her the first woman to hold the office. With the ballot of Barack Obama as president and Democratic gains in both houses of Congress, Pelosi became the first speaker since Tom Foley to hold the role during single-party Autonomous leadership in Washington.^[20] During the 111th Congress, Pelosi was the driving strength backside several of Obama'southward major initiatives that proved controversial, and the Republicans campaigned against the Democrats' legislation by staging a "Burn down Pelosi" double-decker tour^[21] and regained control of the Firm in the 2010 midterm elections.^[22]

John Boehner was elected speaker when the 112th Congress convened on Jan v, 2011, and was subsequently re-elected twice, at the kickoff of the 113th and 114th Congresses. On both of those occasions his remaining in role was threatened by the defection of several members from his ain party who chose non to vote for him.^{[23] [24]} Boehner'southward tenure as speaker, which ended when he resigned from Congress in Oct 2015, was marked past multiple battles with the conservatives in his ain party related to "Obama Intendance," appropriations, amongst other political issues.^[25] This intra-party discord connected under Boehner's successor, Paul Ryan.

Following the 2022 midterm elections which saw the election of a Democratic Political party majority in the House of Representatives, Nancy Pelosi was elected speaker when the 116th Congress convened on January 3, 2019. When Republican leader John Boehner succeeded her as speaker in 2011, Pelosi remained the leader of the Autonomous Party in the Business firm of Representatives and served every bit House minority leader for eight years earlier she led her party to victory in the 2022 elections. In add-on to beingness the first woman to hold the office, Pelosi became the beginning speaker to render to power since Sam Rayburn in the 1950s.^[26]

Notable elections [edit]

Speaker Nancy Pelosi (right) with Vice President Dick Cheney behind President George Westward. Bush at the 2007 Land of the Union Address making history as the commencement adult female to sit behind the podium at such an accost. President Bush acknowledged this by kickoff his speech with the words, "Tonight, I have a high privilege and distinct laurels of my own — as the first president to begin the State of the Spousal relationship bulletin with these words: Madam Speaker".^[27]

Historically, there have been several controversial elections to the speakership, such as the contest of 1839. In that case, even though the 26th United states Congress convened on December 2, the House could non begin the speakership election until December 14 because of an ballot dispute in New Bailiwick of jersey known as the "Wide Seal War". Two rival delegations, one Whig and the other Democrat, had been certified as elected by different branches of the New Jersey government. The problem was compounded past the fact that the result of the dispute would determine whether the Whigs or the Democrats held the bulk. Neither political party agreed to permit a speakership election with the reverse party's delegation participating. Finally, it was agreed to exclude both delegations from the ballot and a speaker was finally chosen on December 17.

Some other, more than prolonged fight occurred in 1855 in the 34th Usa Congress. The onetime Whig Political party had collapsed merely no single party had emerged to supplant information technology. Candidates opposing the Democrats had run under a bewildering variety of labels, including Whig, Republican, American (Know Nothing), and merely "Opposition". By the time Congress actually met in Dec 1855, most of the northerners were concentrated together as Republicans, while nigh of the southerners and a few northerners used the American or Know Nix label. Opponents of the Democrats held a majority in House, with the political party makeup of the 234 representatives being 83 Democrats, 108 Republicans, and 43 Know Nothings (primarily southern oppositionists). The Democratic minority nominated William Alexander Richardson of Illinois as speaker, but because of exclusive distrust, the various oppositionists were unable to agree on a single candidate for speaker. The Republicans supported Nathaniel Prentice Banks of Massachusetts, who had been elected as a Know Nothing but was now largely identified with the Republicans. The southern Know Nothings supported first Humphrey Marshall of Kentucky, and then Henry M. Fuller of Pennsylvania. The voting went on for almost two months with no candidate able to secure a majority, until it was finally agreed to elect the speaker by plurality vote, and Banks was elected.^[28] The House found itself in a like dilemma when the 36th Congress met in December 1859. Although the Republicans held a plurality, the Republican candidate, John Sherman, was unacceptable to southern oppositionists due to his anti-slavery views, and once again the House was unable to elect a speaker. Later on Democrats centrolineal with southern oppositionists to nearly elect the North Carolina oppositionist William N. H. Smith, Sherman finally withdrew in favor of compromise candidate William Pennington of New Bailiwick of jersey, a sometime Whig of unclear partisan loyalties, who was finally elected speaker on Feb 1, 1860.^[29]

The last time that an election for speaker went beyond 1 ballot was in December 1923 at the start of the 68th Congress, when Republican Frederick H. Gillett needed nine ballots to win reelection. Progressive Republicans had refused to support Gillett in the first eight ballots. Only later on winning concessions from Republican conference leaders (a seat on the House Rules Committee and a pledge that requested Firm rules changes would be considered) did they concur to back up him.^{[30] [31]}

In 1997, several Republican congressional leaders tried to force Speaker Newt Gingrich to resign. Even so, Gingrich refused since that would have required a new election for speaker, which could have led to Democrats along with dissenting Republicans voting for Democrat Dick Gephardt (so minority leader) every bit speaker. After the 1998 midterm elections where the Republicans lost seats, Gingrich did non stand for re-election. The next two figures in the Firm Republican leadership hierarchy, Majority Leader Richard Armey and Majority Whip Tom Filibuster chose not to run for the office. The chairman of the Business firm Appropriations Committee, Bob Livingston, declared his bid for the speakership, which was unopposed, making him speaker-designate. Information technology was then revealed, by Livingston himself, who had been publicly critical of President Bill Clinton's perjury during his sexual harassment trial, that he had engaged in an extramarital affair. He opted to resign from the House, despite existence urged to stay on by House Democratic leader Gephardt. Subsequently, the chief deputy whip Dennis Hastert was selected as speaker. The Republicans retained their majorities in the 2000, 2002, and 2004 elections.

The Democrats won a majority of seats in the 2006 midterm elections. On Nov 16, 2006, Nancy Pelosi, who was and so minority leader, was selected as speaker-designate by House Democrats.^[32] When the 110th Congress convened on January 4, 2007, she was elected every bit the 52nd speaker by a vote of 233–202, condign the kickoff woman elected speaker of the House.^[33] Pelosi remained speaker through the 111th Congress.

Almost contempo election for speaker (2021) [edit]

The most recent election for Business firm speaker took place January 3, 2021, on the opening day of the 117th U.s. Congress, two months afterwards the 2022 House elections in which the Democrats won a majority of the seats. Incumbent speaker, Democrat Nancy Pelosi, secured a narrow majority of the 427 votes bandage and was elected to a 4th (second consecutive) term. She received 216 votes to Republican Kevin McCarthy'southward 209 votes, with two votes going to other persons; also, three representatives answered nowadays when their names were chosen.^[34]

Partisan function [edit]

Paul Ryan taking the oath of office upon becoming speaker on October 29, 2015

The Constitution does not spell out the political role of the speaker. As the office has developed historically, yet, it has taken on a clearly partisan cast, very different from the speakership of most Westminster-style legislatures, such equally the speaker of the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland's House of Eatables, which is meant to be scrupulously non-partisan. The speaker in the United States, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the Firm of Representatives, outranking the majority leader. However, despite having the correct to vote, the speaker usually does non participate in fence.

The speaker is responsible for ensuring that the Business firm passes legislation supported by the bulk party. In pursuing this goal, the speaker may use their power to decide when each bill reaches the floor. They as well chair the majority party'southward steering committee in the House. While the speaker is the functioning head of the Firm majority party, the aforementioned is not truthful of the president pro tempore of the Senate, whose part is primarily ceremonial and honorary.

When the speaker and the president belong to the same party, the speaker tends to play the role in a more than ceremonial light, every bit seen when Dennis Hastert played a very restrained role during the presidency of boyfriend Republican George W. Bush. Nevertheless, when the speaker and the president vest to the same party, there are likewise times that the speaker plays a much larger role, and the speaker is tasked, e.g., with pushing through the calendar of the majority party, often at the expense of the minority opposition. This tin can be seen, nearly of all, in the speakership of Democratic-Republican Henry Clay, who personally ensured the presidential victory of swain Autonomous-Republican John Quincy Adams. Democrat Sam Rayburn was a key player in the passing of New Deal legislation under the presidency of beau Democrat Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Republican Joseph Gurney Cannon (under Theodore Roosevelt) was particularly infamous for his marginalization of the minority Democrats and centralizing of authority to the speakership. In more than contempo times, Speaker Nancy Pelosi played a role in continuing the button for health care reform during the presidency of fellow Democrat Barack Obama.^[35]

On the other hand, when the speaker and the president belong to opposite parties, the public role and influence of the speaker tend to increase. As the highest-ranking member of the opposition political party (and de facto leader of the opposition), the speaker is normally the chief public opponent of the president'due south calendar. In this scenario, the speaker is known for undercutting the president's calendar by blocking measures by the minority party or rejecting bills by the Senate. One famous instance came in the form of Thomas Brackett Reed (nether Grover Cleveland), a speaker notorious for his successful try to strength the Democrats to vote on measures where the Republicans had articulate majorities, which ensured that Cleveland's Democrats were in no position to challenge the Republicans in the Business firm. Joseph Cannon was peculiarly unique in that he led the conservative "Former Guard" wing of the Republican Political party, while his president – Theodore Roosevelt – was of the more progressive clique, and more than than merely marginalizing the Democrats, Cannon used his power to punish the dissidents in his party and obstruct the progressive wing of the Republican Party.

More than modernistic examples include Tip O'Neill, who was a song opponent of President Ronald Reagan's economic and defense policies; Newt Gingrich, who fought a bitter battle with President Nib Clinton for control of domestic policy; Nancy Pelosi, who argued with President George Due west. Bush-league over the Republic of iraq War;^[22] John Boehner, who clashed with President Barack Obama over budget bug and wellness intendance;^[36] and once once more, Nancy Pelosi, who refused to support Donald Trump over funding for a border wall.^[37]

Presiding officer [edit]

Every bit presiding officer of the House of Representatives, the speaker holds a variety of powers over the House and is ceremonially the highest-ranking legislative official in the Usa government.^[38] The speaker may delegate their powers to a member of the House to act equally speaker pro tempore and to preside over the House in the speaker's absence; when this has occurred the delegation has always been to a member of the same party.^[39] During important debates, the speaker pro tempore is ordinarily a senior member of the bulk political party who may be chosen for his or her skill in presiding. At other times, more junior members may be assigned to preside to give them feel with the rules and procedures of the House. The speaker may also designate, with approval of the Firm, a speaker pro tempore for special purposes, such as designating a representative whose commune is near Washington, D.C. to sign enrolled bills during long recesses.

Under the rules of the Business firm, the speaker, "as shortly equally practicable after the election of the speaker and whenever appropriate thereafter", must deliver to the clerk of the Firm a confidential listing of members who are designated to human action every bit speaker in the example of a vacancy or physical inability of the speaker to perform their duties.^[40]

On the floor of the Business firm, the presiding officer is always addressed equally "Mister Speaker" or "Madam Speaker", even if that person is serving as speaker pro tempore. When the House resolves itself into a Committee of the Whole, the speaker designates a fellow member to preside over the committee, who is addressed as "Mister Chairman" or "Madam Chairwoman". To speak, members must seek the presiding officeholder's recognition. The presiding officer besides rules on all points of order just such rulings may be appealed to the whole Business firm. The speaker is responsible for maintaining decorum in the House and may gild the Sergeant-at-Arms to enforce House rules.

The speaker'south powers and duties extend beyond presiding in the bedchamber. In detail, the speaker has corking influence over the committee process. The speaker selects nine of the 13 members of the powerful Committee on Rules, subject to the approval of the unabridged majority political party. The leadership of the minority party chooses the remaining four members. Furthermore, the speaker appoints all members of select committees and conference committees. Moreover, when a nib is introduced, the speaker determines which committee will consider it. As a fellow member of the Firm, the speaker is entitled to participate in debate and to vote. Ordinarily, the speaker votes only when the speaker's vote would be decisive or on matters of great importance, such as constitutional amendments or major legislation.^[41] Nether the early rules of the House, the speaker was generally barred from voting, but today the speaker has the same correct as other members to vote just only occasionally exercises it. The speaker may vote on any matter that comes earlier the Business firm, and they are required to vote where their vote would be decisive or where the House is engaged in voting by ballot.^[42]

Other functions [edit]

The speaker's office in the US Capitol, during the term of Dennis Hastert (1999–2007)

In add-on to being the political and parliamentary leader of the House of Representatives and representing their congressional commune, the speaker also performs diverse other administrative and procedural functions, such as:

• Oversees the officers of the House: the clerk, the sergeant-at-arms, the principal administrative officer, and the clergyman;
• Serves equally the chairperson of the House Office Building Commission;^[43]
• Appoints the House'due south parliamentarian,^[44] historian, general counsel, and inspector full general;^[45]
• Administers the Firm audio and video broadcasting system
• In consultation with the minority leader, can devise a system of drug testing in the House.^[43] This option has never been exercised.^[46]
• Receives reports or other communications from the president, authorities agencies, boards, and commissions.^[43]
• Receives, along with the president pro tempore of the Senate, written declarations that a U.South. president is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, or is able to resume them, under Sections 3 and iv of the Twenty-fifth Subpoena.^[47]

Additionally, the speaker is second in the presidential line of succession under the Presidential Succession Human activity of 1947, immediately after the vice president and earlier the president pro tempore of the Senate (who is followed past members of the president'southward Chiffonier). Thus, if both the presidency and vice-presidency were vacant simultaneously, and so the speaker would become acting president, later on resigning from the House and as speaker.^[48]

Ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment in 1967, with its mechanism for filling an intra-term vice-presidential vacancy, has fabricated calling on the speaker, president pro tempore, or a cabinet member to serve every bit interim president unlikely to happen, except in the backwash of a catastrophic result.^[48] However, just a few years after it went into event, in Oct 1973, at the height of Watergate, Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned. With Agnew's unexpected departure and the state of Richard Nixon's presidency, Speaker Carl Albert was all of a sudden showtime in line to become acting president. The vacancy continued until Gerald Ford was sworn in as vice president on December half-dozen, 1973.^[49] Albert was too adjacent in line from the time Ford assumed the presidency on August nine, 1974, following Nixon's resignation from office, until Ford's choice to succeed him as vice president, Nelson Rockefeller, was confirmed by Congress four months subsequently.^[48]

Meet also [edit]

• Party leaders of the United States Business firm of Representatives
• Party leaders of the U.s. Senate

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} "Speaker Elections Decided past Multiple Ballots". history.firm.gov. The states House of Representatives. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
2. ^ ^{a b} Relyea, Harold C. (August 5, 2005). "Continuity of Regime: Current Federal Arrangements and the Future" (PDF). CRS Report for Congress. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, the Library of Congress. pp. two–4. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved Jan 22, 2019.
3. ^ Brudnick, Ida A. (Jan 4, 2012). "Congressional Salaries and Allowances" (PDF). CRS Report for Congress. United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 12, 2019. Retrieved Dec 2, 2012.
4. ^ Heitshusen, Valerie (May sixteen, 2017). The Speaker of the Firm: House Officer, Political party Leader, and Representative (PDF) (Report). Congressional Enquiry Service. p. ii. Archived (PDF) from the original on Jan fourteen, 2021. Retrieved September 20, 2020. In fact, there is no requirement that the Speaker exist a Fellow member of the Business firm.
5. ^ Fram, Alan (January 3, 2021). "Pelosi narrowly reelected speaker, faces difficult 2021". AP News. Archived from the original on Jan fourteen, 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
6. ^ Forte, David F. "Essays on Article I: Speaker of the House". Heritage Guide to The Constitution. Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on August 22, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
7. ^ ^{a b c} Heitshusen, Valerie; Beth, Richard S. (January iv, 2019). "Speakers of the Firm: Elections, 1913–2019" (PDF). CRS Report for Congress. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, the Library of Congress. Archived (PDF) from the original on January fourteen, 2021. Retrieved Jan 11, 2019.
8. ^ Grier, Peter (September 25, 2015). "John Boehner exit: Anyone can run for House speaker, even you lot". The Christian Scientific discipline Monitor. Archived from the original on November 25, 2018. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
9. ^ Schudel, Matt (September 27, 2014). "James A. Traficant Jr., colorful Ohio congressman expelled by House, dies at 73". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 12, 2015. Retrieved Jan 11, 2019.
10. ^ "Fathers/Deans of the House". history.house.gov. United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on January 12, 2019. Retrieved January eleven, 2019.
11. ^ "Election of the Speaker Overview". constitution.laws.com. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved Jan eleven, 2019.
12. ^ "Listing of Speakers of the House". history.house.gov. The states House of Representatives. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved January eleven, 2019.
13. ^ Peart, Daniel (2021). "Rethinking the Role of the Speaker: Ability, Institutional Evolution, and the Myth of the "Impartial Moderator" in the Early on U.s.a. Firm of Representatives". Journal of Policy History. 33 (1): 1–31. doi:10.1017/S0898030620000226. ISSN 0898-0306. S2CID 231694119. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
14. ^ C. Stewart III, "Architect or tactician? Henry Clay and the institutional evolution of the US House of Representatives" 1998, online Archived January 14, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
15. ^ "Henry Clay (1825–1829)". U.S. Presidents. Charlottesville, Virginia: Miller Center of Public Affairs, Academy of Virginia. October 4, 2016. Archived from the original on May x, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
16. ^ Robinson, William A. "Thomas B. Reed, Parliamentarian". The American Historical Review, Oct 1931. pp. 137–138.
17. ^ Oleszek, Walter J. (December 1998). "A Pre-Twentieth Century Expect at the Business firm Committee on Rules". U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on August 25, 2005. Retrieved July 5, 2007.
18. ^ Jones, Charles O. (August 1968). "Joseph G. Cannon and Howard Westward. Smith: An Essay on the Limits of Leadership in the Firm of Representatives". The Journal of Politics. 30 (3): 617–646. doi:10.2307/2128798. JSTOR 2128798. S2CID 154012153.
19. ^ "Sam Rayburn Business firm Museum". Texas Historical Commission. Archived from the original on July 1, 2007. Retrieved July v, 2007.
20. ^ See Party Divisions of United States Congresses
21. ^ Condon, Stephanie (August half dozen, 2010). "GOP to Launch "Fire Pelosi" Bus Bout". CBS News. Archived from the original on Feb xiv, 2011. Retrieved February xi, 2011.
22. ^ ^{a b} Sanchez, Ray (Nov 3, 2010). "Nancy Pelosi: House Speaker's Exclusive Interview With Diane Sawyer". ABC News. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved December vi, 2011.
23. ^ Cohen, Micah (January 4, 2013). "Were the 1000.O.P. Votes Against Boehner a Historic Rejection?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Jan fourteen, 2021. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
24. ^ Walsh, Deirdre (January vi, 2015). "Boehner Overcomes Big Opposition to Remain Speaker". CNN. Archived from the original on January 29, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
25. ^ Shesgreen, Deirdre; Allen, Cooper (September 25, 2015). "Speaker John Boehner to resign from Congress". USA Today. Archived from the original on January fourteen, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
26. ^ Wire, Sarah D. (Jan three, 2019). "Nancy Pelosi regains the House speaker'south gavel equally Democrats confront Trump over partial shutdown". The Denver Post. Archived from the original on Jan 14, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
27. ^ Bush, George West. (January 23, 2007). "President Bush Delivers Country of the Wedlock Address". The White House. Archived from the original on May two, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2007.
28. ^ Allan Nevins. Ordeal of the Wedlock, Volume 2: A Firm Dividing 1852–1857 (New York, 1947), 413–415.
29. ^ Allan Nevins. The Emergence of Lincoln, Volume II: Prologue to Civil War, 1859–1861 (New York, 1950), 116–123.
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Bibliography [edit]

• Garraty, John, ed. American National Biography (1999) twenty volumes; contains scholarly biographies of all speakers no longer live.
• Green, Matthew N. The Speaker of the House: A Study of Leadership (Yale Academy Press; 2010) 292 pages; Examines partisan pressures and other factors that shaped the leadership of the speaker of the U.South. Firm of Representatives; focuses on the period since 1940.
• Grossman, Mark. Speakers of the Firm of Representatives (Amenia, NY: Grey House Publishing, 2009). The comprehensive work on the subject, covering, in depth, the lives of the speakers from Frederick Muhlenberg to Nancy Pelosi.
• Heitshusen, Valerie (November 26, 2018). "Speakers of the Business firm: Elections, 1913–2017" (PDF). Congressional Inquiry Service. Retrieved Dec 18, 2018.
• Remini, Robert V. The House: the History of the House of Representatives (Smithsonian Books, 2006). The standard scholarly history.
• Rohde, David West. Parties and Leaders in the Postreform Firm (1991).
• Smock, Raymond W., and Susan Due west. Hammond, eds. Masters of the House: Congressional Leadership Over Two Centuries (1998). Short biographies of fundamental leaders.
• Zelizer. Julian E. ed. The American Congress: The Building of Republic (2004). A comprehensive history by 40 scholars.

External links [edit]

• "Capitol Questions." C-Span (2003). Notable elections and role.
• The Cannon Centenary Briefing: The Changing Nature of the Speakership. (2003). House Document 108–204. History, nature and role of the speakership.
• Congressional Quarterly's Guide to Congress, 5th ed. (2000). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Printing.
• Wilson, Woodrow. (1885). Congressional Government. New York: Houghton Mifflin.

U.S. presidential line of succession
Preceded by Vice President Kamala Harris	2nd in line	Succeeded by President pro tempore of the Senate Patrick Leahy

willsontruity.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives

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