Branch That Includes the Senate and House of Representatives
Difference Between House and Senate
The Congress is the chief legislative body of the U.S. government and is equanimous of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The legislative branch of the regime has the primary office of making laws, but the Congress is also responsible for the approving of Federal Judges and Justices, for passing the national budget and for assisting the U.S. President in foreign policy matters.
Article i of the U.South. constitutions reads "All legislative Powers herein granted shall exist vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives."1 While the participation of both chambers is necessary to enact the legislative process, the remaining sections of Article 1 of the Constitution grant unique and different powers to the 2 bodies.
House of Representatives 2
The House of Representatives – or lower house – is the nigh autonomous and national-oriented of the two bodies. When the U.Southward. constitution was originally drafted, the legislators believed that the government should have at least a democratic component/attribute. Therefore, the House was created to straight represent the citizens and be direct accountable to the people. The master features of the Business firm of Representatives are:
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Proportional representation;
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Two-year terms: congressmen and congress-women should be directly answerable and, therefore, should be more responsive to popular demands;
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Congressmen and congresswomen serve the two-year term in a specific congressional district;
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Representatives accept the duty to serve on committees, introduce bills and resolutions and propose amendments;
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435 representatives: the House is the largest chamber;
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Each individual State has a different number of Representatives, depending on the number of persons who alive in the State;
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In order to become a member of the House, representatives must be at least 25 years sometime, and must have lived in the United States for seven years – which means that they practice not need to be born in the United States;
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The House is chaired by the Speaker of the Firm who is a fellow member of the body – even though the Constitution does not strictly specify that this has to be the case;
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Firm leadership also includes bulk and minority leaders, assistant leaders, whips and a party conclave or briefing: the House works in a more organized and hierarchic way compared to the Senate;
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The House has no say in the engagement of Ambassadors, Federal Judges and Chiffonier Members;
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Limited argue: due to the large number of representatives, there are speaking-fourth dimension limits that must exist respected during the debates;
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Impeachment: Article i, Department 2 of the U.Southward Constitutions states that the House of Representatives "shall have the sole Power of Impeachment;" and
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All revenue bills concerning taxes must originate in the business firm with a autonomous process.
Senate 3
The Senate – or upper house – was conceived to be more aristocratic. In fact, when the Constitution was originally written, before the 17th amendment, Senators were indirectly elected by the State legislators instead of being direct elected by the people. The primary features of the U.Due south. Senate are:
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2 senators per state: equally this torso was intended to exist the Federal chamber, every Country – no affair how piffling – has the same representation. This ways that California and Wyoming have the aforementioned number of Senators;
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Vi-year terms, only every 2 years one tertiary of Senators are up for election;
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The Senate was conceived to exist an "insulated" body where treaties and foreign policy could be debated in the style of the Roman Senate merely without the constant interference of public opinion. In this way, Senators can determine and do whatever is in the best interest of the state, fifty-fifty if that is not necessarily the most pop alternative;
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There are 100 Senators – the Senate is the smaller of the 2 chambers;
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In gild to get a member of the Senate, nominees must exist at least thirty years quondam and must have lived in the United States for a minimum of 9 years – without having necessarily beingness born in the United States;
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The Senate is chaired past the Vice President who is not a member. The Vice President has the power to vote to intermission a tie, but is not entitled to vote to create a tie;
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The Senate has the tradition of unlimited fence: existence the smaller house with an aloof tradition, in the Senate there are no speaking-time limits;
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Senatorial courtesy: due to the aristocratic tradition, when Senators refer to each other, they do not do so by proper noun;
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Confirmation of Presidential appointments: the Senate has the duty to confirm the Presidential nominations of Federal Judges, Cabinet Members and Ambassadors. In other words, the engagement process only happens with the "advise and consent" of the Senate: if the President does not get the bulk of the votes of the Senate, his nominees will not exist appointed;
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With a 2/three vote, the Senate has the power to ratify or refuse treaties that were negotiated past the President; and
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The Senate assists the President in his role of primary diplomat. The Senate is the just house assisting the President in foreign policy (i.e. assay of foreign treaties, decisions concerning the initiation or the ending of a war etc.)
The U.S. Senate has an incredible power in all what concerns the country'due south strange policy. For case, in 1919, U.South. President Woodrow Wilson actively participated in the drafting of the Treaty of Versaille and became a stiff supporter of the League of Nations. However, despite the popular support, the U.South. Senate refused to ratify the treaty and, therefore, the United States never joined the League of Nations4.
Given its smaller dimensions, the Senate has more flexible rules and maintains its traditional aristocratic features, including the "Filibuster". Co-ordinate to the "Filibuster", whoever gets the floor tin keep it for equally long as he/she wants and tin talk near whatever he/she wants, even if his/her oral communication is not pertinent to the topic of give-and-take. Such freedom has led to interesting episodes in the by. For instance, in the 1930s, Louisiana Senator Huey P. Long once held the floor for over xv hours; but the record goes to S Carolina Senator J. Strom Thurmond who filibustered for 24 hours and 18 minutes against the Civil Rights Act in 1957v (and eventually lost). Taking the floor and filibustering for hours is a technique employed to push the other members of the Senate to compromise and implies the fact that, sometimes, minorities can rule the Senate. All the same, this was not the example for Senator Thurmond.
Summary
Both the Senate and the House of Representatives are part of the U.S Congress, the legislative branch of the authorities that has the part of making laws – which volition exist enacted by the executive branch of the regime, headed by the U.South. President – of approval Federal Judges, Ambassadors and Cabinet Members nominated by the President, and of assisting the President (the primary diplomat) in strange policy matters, including in the withdrawal of troops, the ratification of international treaties and the initiation of wars.
The unlike powers and features of the two houses are decided in Article one of the U.S. Constitution. The primary differences betwixt the two bodies are:
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The Senate has 100 members while the Business firm 435;
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Senators serve 6-year long terms while Representatives are elected for ii years;
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The Senate supports the President in strange policy matters while the House creates all revenue bills;
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The Senate has an aristocratic tradition while the Business firm is more democratic and closer to the population;
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The Senate is chaired by the Vice President who is not a member while the House is chaired past the Speaker of the Firm;
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The Senate approves Presidential nominees for Federal Judges and Members of the Cabinet while the House has no say in this process; and
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There are two Senators for each State while the number of Representatives per Land vary co-ordinate to the population.
The work of the two chambers is strictly intertwined and the Congress needs the support of both bodies to be able to exercise its functions. Both the Senate and the House of Representatives play a major office in shaping the legislative framework of the The states and accept the fundamental duty of assisting – as well as limiting and controlling – the work and the power of the U.S. President in the creation or modification of National laws, in the appointment of key political and judicial actors, and in the ratification of international treaties.
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